In recent years, knowledge-based companies have become an important part of Iran’s economy and play an important role in economic growth and development, but this field, like other fields, is facing obstacles and problems
According to the IDEA, one of the pillars of the knowledge-based economy is the formation of knowledge-based companies or commercialization intermediary institutions through which the knowledge-based economy can be institutionalized in the country. The noteworthy point is that knowledge-based companies are built on the basis of innovation and creativity and play an important role in economic growth and development.
The importance and support of knowledge-based companies and in general this field has been the attention of governments during the past years. Identifying, creating and supporting knowledge-based companies is considered as one of the policies in the field of science and technology, so that these types of companies can create a lot of added value by using their knowledge by producing a new product and increasing the quality of the current product.
Therefore, by creating knowledge-based companies and using the knowledge of manpower and skills in the commercialization of ideas, in a knowledge-based process with high productivity, it is possible to provide commercial and competitive products and establish a knowledge-based economy that is the competitive advantage of any economy. Thus, an effective step should be taken to achieve this goal by cultivating knowledge-based economy as one of the most important effective components in sustainable economic development.
Knowledge-based companies try to maximize productivity by applying knowledge and using it more effectively in expanding capacities and improving the degree of resource utilization; In the meantime, the most important thing is the productivity of human resources.
The development of the private sector and the shrinking of the government body, extensive job creation, strengthening the link between higher education and the labor market, increasing government revenues, eliminating dependence on foreign countries, etc. are all advantages of the knowledge-based economy, and on the other hand, the economy is based on Knowledge has high adaptability and flexibility due to relying on people’s intellectual capabilities, and this type of economy is less prone to internal and external threats, and if it is realized, many of the country’s problems will be solved.
But along with the mentioned advantages, this field is also facing challenges and obstacles like other fields. For example, not long ago, the Director General of the Technology Office of the Ministry of Security announced that after the approval of the first version of the law on knowledge-based companies approved in 2010, almost two decades have passed, but we are still far from a knowledge-based economy in the real sense for three reasons.
He emphasized: First of all, it should be said that during the last two decades, the focus has been on quantity and the policy makers have focused and emphasized on increasing the number of knowledge-based companies, providing discourses for universities to establish reproductive companies, and aiming not so much at It was not that some of these companies grow and become big export companies. We have not been looking for these companies to develop and become international so that they can industrialize.
According to this official, the first problem that most of these companies declare as one of the obstacles is the import tariff of similar products; For example, many knowledge-based products have a one percent tariff, which is a disaster and favors foreign exporters.
Also, many knowledge-based companies have the problem of providing currency and they are not allocated currency. Many times, there is a problem with the registration of the order for the import of materials, and they are not sure that they have entered this space, for example, they have a problem with supplying raw materials and minimal parts for the next five years, in addition to the items mentioned in the discussion of exporting products, in most cases in currency exchange. They have serious problems, for which a special support package should be considered.
The issue of distribution of raw materials is one of the other obstacles of knowledge-based companies. Many times, companies have to purchase goods from the stock exchange, the stock exchange assigns them a special quota, and after that, they do not have raw materials.
On the other hand, the discussion of medium-scale financing is one of the other issues raised in this field; According to the Director General of the Technology and Innovation Office of the Ministry of Security, in the country, for example, innovation and prosperity funds provide financing for knowledge-based companies, the financing figures are around 5 to 50 billion tomans, which is compared to, for example, air transport companies in foreign countries, which only have a Billions of dollars are spent on research and development.
In addition to the mentioned cases, in order for these companies to grow in general, their internal resources will not be enough, so other financial tools should be considered for them. The issue of demand is one of the problems of knowledge-based companies. In fact, many times knowledge-based companies in Iran do not have different demand for various reasons and the market is stabilized; A product is produced, there is no competition and therefore they do not seek to update.
Therefore, if we want to focus on the growth of knowledge-based companies so that these small companies turn into medium-sized companies and then into large companies, several different organizations must come to work and define the orders in coordination with each other.
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